Softening point: 480°C

Vickers hardness dependent on the annealing temperature for Cu0.4Cr0.12Zr0.02Si0.05Mg drawn to η = 6.0 (true strain). Time of annealing 1 h.

Heat flow difference of two consecutive runs at 20 °C/min for Cu0.4Cr0.12Zr0.02Si0.05Mg drawn to η = 6.0.

The measured flow stress dependent on the annealing temperature for Cu0.4Cr0.12Zr0.02Si0.05Mg. Time of annealing 1 h.

Resistivity and dislocation density dependent on annealing temperature for the tested Cu0.4Cr0.12Zr0.02Si0.05Mg Time of annealing 1 h.

Hardness at 20°C as a function of annealing temperature (1 hour) of as-extruded alloys (Cu0.2Zr - ZA-2, Cu0.37Zr - ZA-3, Cu0.8Zr - ZA-8 and Cu0.32Cr0.1Zr - ZAC-1).

Tensile strength vs. temperature of annealing for CuCrZr

Engineering stress–strain curves of cu-cr-zr alloy at room temperature, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C

The tensile strength and the elongation of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys at different temperatures

The hardness of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys at different temperatures

After short time heat treatment Vickers Hardness is measured

Room temperature hardness as a function of annealing temperature. Material at hard (aged) temper

Corrosion parameters of Cu1.4Cr0.12Zr, in the solutions at various pH without and with NaCl.

Plot of OCP vs time (a) and potentiodynamic polarization curves (b) of various copper-based alloys in 3.5% NaCl at 23°C.
(Note: Cu: hard-drawn, Copper alloys- age hardened) .

Weight-loss of specimens exposed in NaCl solution atmosphere of Cu0.36Cr, Cu, Cu0.36Cr0.11Zr , CuZr0.15, (Note: NaCl atmospheric corrosion test in salt spray chamber (in salt mist of 50 g NaCl/l) in the temperature of 35°C, in accordance with ISO 3768-1976 standard) .

Creep strength in time function of CuCrZr alloy for different temperatures

Ultimate elongation in time function of CuCrZr alloy for different temperatures

Stress-rupture plot for CuCr0,32Zr0,1 at 400°C and 650°C - powder metallurgical alloy

Steady-state thermal creep laws for copper alloys

Creep strain from test data and creep laws for Cu-Ni-Be, Cu-Cr- Zr and Cu-Ag-P

Stress relaxation is tested with cantilever bending test equipment. This method is taking short time relaxation into account. So that the values achieved are very realistic, while other test methods like tube test pretend better properties from the achieved values. Relaxation values give an indication about stress relieve of strip under tension for a certain time and temperature. As it is measured on plain strip. The behaviour of deformed parts may differ. Nevertheless the ratio between the different tempers remains the same. Typical test sample thickness is 0.3 – 0.6 mm .

Wear mass loss of the CuCrZr alloy pins with sliding distance at electrical current of 30 A 
(Note: Examinations of the influence of the heat treatment parameters of the CuCrZr alloy on abrasion in conditions of current passage were carried out on supersaturated rods that have been previously hold at the temperature of 920°C for 0.5 hour. Next, it was subject to aging for 2 hours within the temperatures of 420 – 540°C and cooled in the air. Examinations were performed on a pin-on-disk wear tester with the CuCrZr alloy pin rubbin against a brass disk (Vickers hardness 83, 45mm diameter and 10 mm thickness).  Abrasion examinations were performed at the velocity of 14 m/s and loading of 20 N (pressure: 0.2 MPa). Passing current value was between 0 to 30 A at the voltage og 70 V. Samples surfaces were polished (before abrasion) with abrasive paper with its gradation value of 800 .

Wear mass loss of the brass disk rubbing against the CuCr1Zr alloy pins with sliding distance at electrical current of 30 A .

Plots of cumulative volume loss vs time for copper and its alloys under 20 N at (a) 0 A, (b) 30 A and (c) 50 A. (Note: Cu-wire cold drawn, copper alloys – age hardened.  Examinations were performed by pin-on-disc tribometer. The negative sample was the S30400 disc made of stainless steel. Examinations were carried out in an air atmosphere with the velocity of 31 km/h and under loading of 10 – 20 N on a roll sample at the diameter of 13 mm and length of 13 mm) .

Plots of cumulative volume loss vs time for copper and its alloys under load of (a) 10 N and (b) 15 N at 50 A. (Note: Cu-wire cold drawn, copper alloys – age hardened).  Examinations were performed by pin-on-disc tribometer. The negative sample was the S30400 disc made of stainless steel. Examinations were carried out in an air atmosphere with the velocity of 31 km/h and under loading of 10 – 20 N on a roll sample at the diameter of 13 mm and length of 13 mm) .

Sliding wear resistance for copper and its alloys under 20 N with and without current. (Note: Cu-wire cold drawn, copper alloys – age hardened.  Examinations were performed by pin-on-disc tribometer. The negative sample was the S30400 disc made of stainless steel. Examinations were carried out in an air atmosphere with the velocity of 31 km/h and under loading of 10 – 20 N on a roll sample at the diameter of 13 mm and length of 13 mm) .

Sliding wear resistance vs. hardness for various alloys under 20 N with and without current. (Note: Cu-wire cold drawn, copper alloys – age hardened.  Examinations were performed by pin-on-disc tribometer. The negative sample was the S30400 disc made of stainless steel. Examinations were carried out in an air atmosphere with the velocity of 31 km/h and under loading of 10 – 20 N on a roll sample at the diameter of 13 mm and length of 13 mm) .

Plots of wear rate vs load for copper and its alloys at (a) 0 A, (b) 30 A and (c) 50 A. (Note: Cu-wire cold drawn, copper alloys – age hardened.  Examinations were performed by pin-on-disc tribometer. The negative sample was the S30400 disc made of stainless steel. Examinations were carried out in an air atmosphere with the velocity of 31 km/h and under loading of 10 – 20 N on a roll sample at the diameter of 13 mm and length of 13 mm) .

Plots of wear rate vs current for copper and its alloys under (a) 10 N, (b) 15 N and (c) 20 N. (Note: Cu-wire cold drawn, copper alloys – age hardened.  Examinations were performed by pin-on-disc tribometer. The negative sample was the S30400 disc made of stainless steel. Examinations were carried out in an air atmosphere with the velocity of 31 km/h and under loading of 10 – 20 N on a roll sample at the diameter of 13 mm and length of 13 mm) .

Variation of number of cycles to failure with stress amplitude determined using load controlled creep-fatigue tests carried out at 295 K and 573 K with different holdtimes on prime aged (PA) CuCrZr. (Note: The alloy was solution annealed at 960°C for 3 hours, water quenched and heat treated at 460°C for 3 hours PA, HT1:PA+600°C for 1 hour, HT2:PA+600°C for 4 hour)

Variation of number of cycles to failure with stress amplitude determined using load controlled creep-fatigue tests carried out at 295 K and 573 K with different holdtimes for the overaged (HT1) CuCrZr alloy. (Note: The alloy was solution annealed at 960°C for 3 hours, water quenched and heat treated at 460°C for 3 hours PA, HT1:PA+600°C for 1 hour, HT2:PA+600°C for 4 hour) .

Variation of number of cycles to failure with stress amplitude determined using load controlled creep-fatigue tests carried out at 295 K and 573 K with different holdtimes for the overaged (HT2) CuCrZr alloy. (Note: The alloy was solution annealed at 960°C for 3 hours, water quenched and heat treated at 460°C for 3 hours PA, HT1:PA+600°C for 1 hour, HT2:PA+600°C for 4 hour) .

Temperature effect on the fatigue lifetime of Cu-Cr-Zr

Stress amplitude vs. number of cycles to failure of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys in comparison with conventionally produced Cu-based tempers